업
[業, Eop]
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어떤 결과의 원인으로 생각되는 일체행위. 이것을 행위와 말 그리고 생각으로 나누어 신구의 (身口意) 삼업 (三業)이라 말한다. 이를 좀 더 쉽게 설명하면, 우리가 하는 말이나 생각 혹은 행동 일체를 말함. 그리고 우리가 짓는 모든 행위, 곧 업 (業)은 우연한 소행이 아니라는 것, 곧 콩 심은데 콩 나고, 팥 심은데 팥 난다는 것을 알아야 하며, 또 모든 행위는 결국 마음의 소행이라는 것도 알아야 함. 그래서 일체유심조라는 말이 나오며, 마음공부의 이치가 나온다.
업 (業)을 범어 (梵語)로는 ‘카르마’라고 하며, ‘짓는다’라는 뜻. 그런가하면, 전생에 지은 선악의 소행 (所行)으로 인하여 현세에서 받는 응보 (應報)로서 윤리에 관한 불교의 핵심 교리이기도 함. 일체유심조 (一切唯心造)와 자업자득 (自業自得) 참조)Karma (Skt), kamma (P): Action, work, deed in the sense of action-reaction. The law of moral compensation. The doctrine inseverable from that of "rebirth," the cycle of birth and death, or samsara. The law of the deed and the effect according to which the life circumstances of an individual in any given phase of the cycle of births and an effect of his deeds and character in previous lives.
In other words, all actions of body, speech, and mind entail retribution in this and future lives. Everything we are or do is not an accident but comes from what we have made in previous lives. By oneself evil is done; by oneself one suffers. Everyone is the moulder and sole creator of his life to come. We can also say that karma is the child of ignorance, which is the father of all human suffering, and the basis of causation.
Another thing we should realize is that all karma comes from our deluded mind. If mind or thinking disappears, karma also disappears. In this sense, Buddhism can be called the cultivation of the mind, the mindless-mind. It also means a moral principle in each being which survives death for further retribution and transmigration. Cf. (Ilche Yusimjo) Everything is the production of the mind, and (Jaeopjadeuk) The natural consequence of one's own deed.