모든 번뇌 (煩惱)의 근본 원인인 끄달림. 고로 만유 (萬有)의 공성 (空性)을 깨달아 집착을 놓는 것이 깨달음과 열반의 지름길

Upadana: Attachment, passionate self-identification, or clinging: The root of all defilements and worldly passions. Leaving all attachment and fixation is the key to emancipation and entry into Nirvana; and obsession ceases within the context of the emptiness of things.